TL;DR: South Dakota is home to Ellsworth Air Force Base — the future home of America’s next stealth bomber — plus National Guard installations in Rapid City and Sioux Falls. This guide covers housing, schools, BAH, financial benefits, and honest real-talk about life in the Mount Rushmore State.
If you just got orders to South Dakota, take a breath. You’re heading somewhere genuinely special. The Black Hills, Badlands National Park, and Mount Rushmore all sit within 90 minutes of Ellsworth AFB. The cost of living is well below the national average. Additionally, South Dakota levies zero state income tax on any income — including your military pay.
Moreover, Ellsworth Air Force Base is undergoing a historic transformation. It’s been selected as the first operational base for the B-21 Raider stealth bomber. In short, this assignment puts your family at the center of Air Force history. This guide covers every military installation in South Dakota, so you can plan your PCS with confidence.
Not sure where to start? Use our PCS Plan tool to organize your move from orders to in-processing.
Western South Dakota: The Black Hills Region
Western South Dakota holds the heart of the state’s military presence. Ellsworth Air Force Base anchors this region and draws the vast majority of active-duty families. The Black Hills rise to the west of Rapid City. Badlands National Park lies about 45 minutes to the east. Overall, this region delivers one of the most scenic PCS assignments in the continental United States.
Ellsworth Air Force Base
Ellsworth Air Force Base sits approximately 10 miles northeast of Rapid City. It’s just outside the small community of Box Elder, right off I-90. The 28th Bomb Wing is the host unit, flying the B-1B Lancer on global strike missions. Ellsworth supports roughly 4,800 military personnel. Additionally, the base community includes 8,000 total residents and about 3,800 military retirees in the greater Rapid City area.
However, the biggest story at Ellsworth right now is the B-21 Raider transition. The Air Force selected Ellsworth as the very first B-21 main operating base. In late 2024, the 28th Bomb Wing’s B-1B Lancers relocated temporarily to Grand Forks AFB, North Dakota. This move allowed crews to complete a $129.5 million runway reconstruction. Specifically, more than 20 major facilities were constructed or renovated for the new platform. The B-1Bs returned to Ellsworth in December 2025. The first B-21 Raider delivery is on track for 2027. Furthermore, production is accelerating — the first two operational squadrons will be based at Ellsworth, with a third added later.
Mission and Units at Ellsworth
The 28th Bomb Wing conducts long-range conventional strike missions. It falls under Air Force Global Strike Command’s Eighth Air Force. The 37th Bomb Squadron is the primary flying squadron. Additionally, the 89th Attack Squadron operates MQ-9 Reaper remotely piloted aircraft. These units support intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and precision strike missions worldwide. Tenant units across maintenance, security forces, medical, and logistics round out the installation.
Housing at Ellsworth AFB
On-base housing
On-base housing at Ellsworth is privatized and managed by Balfour Beatty Communities (605-923-9000). Three neighborhoods serve military families: Black Hills Estates, Prairie View, and Rushmore Heights. All offer three- and four-bedroom homes with garages and fenced yards. Notably, Prairie View is the only neighborhood with finished basements — request it specifically if that matters to your family. Community amenities include a dog park, basketball court, volleyball court, and playgrounds. Waitlists are common, especially for larger unit types. Therefore, contact the housing office the day you receive orders — six to twelve months’ lead time significantly improves your options.
Off-base neighborhoods
Most Ellsworth families who live off base choose Box Elder, Rapid City, Rapid Valley, Black Hawk, or Piedmont. Box Elder sits right at the front gate — commutes run under 10 minutes. Rapid City is 15 to 25 minutes away and offers the most amenities. Specifically, Rushmore Mall, Monument Health’s hospital network, and a genuine downtown all sit within Rapid City. Rapid Valley and Black Hawk offer larger lots at lower price points. Furthermore, Piedmont provides a semi-rural feel with easy I-90 access. The 2026 median home sale price in Rapid City is approximately $320,000 — about 25% below the national average. Consequently, your BAH stretches much further here than at most CONUS assignments.
Medical and Schools at Ellsworth
The 28th Medical Group (605-385-6700) at 2900 Doolittle Drive handles primary care, dental, pharmacy, and optometry for enrolled TRICARE Prime beneficiaries. For specialty care, families receive referrals to civilian providers through TRICARE. Monument Health Rapid City Hospital serves as the nearest major civilian medical center. Moreover, the 28th MDG pharmacy earns high marks for quick prescription turnarounds. However, primary care appointment wait times can run long during peak PCS seasons. Also note the Wednesday half-day clinic closure — plan appointments around that schedule.
There is no DoDEA school on base at Ellsworth. Children attend local public schools instead. Families on base or in Box Elder fall under Meade School District (Douglas School District 51-1). Vandenberg Elementary and Francis Case Elementary serve most military children. Families living in Rapid City attend Rapid City Area School District schools. Overall, school quality across the Rapid City area is solid, with a dedicated military family liaison available to help with enrollment transitions.
Ready to build your Ellsworth PCS plan? Our PCS Toolkit walks you through housing, school registration, and your move timeline in one place.
The Black Hills: Supporting Military Facilities
Camp Rapid — South Dakota Army National Guard
Camp Rapid is a South Dakota Army National Guard installation. It’s located in the Westside neighborhood of Rapid City, just inside the edge of the Black Hills. The South Dakota National Guard’s Adjutant General headquartered his office here. The Joint Force Headquarters-South Dakota (JFHQ-SD) also operates from Camp Rapid. Address: 2823 West Main Street, Rapid City, SD 57702. Phone: 605-737-6200.
Camp Rapid primarily functions as a training facility. It supports exercises like the annual Golden Coyote training event and provides readiness support for Army National Guard units statewide. Active-duty service members will not typically PCS to Camp Rapid. However, National Guard and Reserve members should know this facility offers DEERS/ID card services, legal assistance, family readiness support (605-737-6975), and education resources. In addition, the Transition Assistance Advisor office operates at Camp Rapid (202-987-3724).
Fort Meade — VA Hospital and National Guard Training
Fort Meade sits just east of Sturgis, about 20 miles northwest of Ellsworth AFB. Historically active from 1878 to 1944, Fort Meade today houses the VA Black Hills Health Care System. South Dakota National Guard training facilities also operate on the former fort’s grounds. Veterans in the Black Hills region receive inpatient, outpatient, and long-term care services through this VA campus. Fort Meade also hosts Fort Meade National Cemetery, where eligible veterans are buried at no charge.
Eastern South Dakota: Sioux Falls
Sioux Falls is South Dakota’s largest city, with approximately 195,000 residents. It sits roughly 350 miles east of Rapid City. The military footprint here is National Guard, not active duty. For AGR (Active Guard Reserve) members receiving orders to Sioux Falls, however, this is a vibrant and affordable assignment. The city consistently ranks among the best mid-sized cities in America for quality of life. Furthermore, zero state income tax and a growing economy make this a genuinely attractive option for Guard families.
Joe Foss Field Air National Guard Station — 114th Fighter Wing
Joe Foss Field is collocated with Sioux Falls Regional Airport. It serves as home to the South Dakota Air National Guard’s 114th Fighter Wing — the “Fighting Lobos.” The wing flies the F-16C/D Fighting Falcon for worldwide tactical fighter missions and NORAD air defense. When activated to federal service, the 114th falls under Air Combat Command. Approximately 1,200 personnel are employed here, contributing roughly $100 million annually to the Sioux Falls economy.
The 114th has a distinguished combat history. The wing was named for Brigadier General Joseph J. Foss — a World War II Marine Corps ace, Medal of Honor recipient, and founder of the South Dakota Air National Guard. In October 2025, an F-16 Fighting Falcon from the 114th surpassed 10,000 flight hours. This achievement reflects decades of disciplined maintenance and operational excellence. Contact the 114th Family Readiness office at 605-988-5962 for support resources available to Guard families in Sioux Falls.
On-base housing
Joe Foss Field does not offer traditional family housing. AGR and traditional Guard members assigned to Sioux Falls live off base in the surrounding community.
Off-base neighborhoods
Sioux Falls offers an affordable housing market — roughly 10% below the national average. The median home price near Sioux Falls sits around $275,000. Consequently, VA loan buyers here find strong purchasing power. Brandon and Tea, located south and southeast of the city, are popular among military families for their excellent school districts and newer housing. Downtown Sioux Falls has undergone significant revitalization and suits those who want walkability. Overall, housing options here deliver excellent value for the assignment.
Thinking about a VA home loan in South Dakota? Our VA Home Loan guide breaks down eligibility, the Certificate of Eligibility, and what to expect at closing.
Living in South Dakota as a Military Family
Let’s be real with you. South Dakota rarely tops anyone’s dream sheet. It doesn’t carry the name recognition of JBLM or the appeal of Hawaii. However, families who land here consistently call it one of their best-kept PCS secrets. Here’s the honest, unfiltered picture.
The winters demand preparation
Western South Dakota winters are genuinely challenging. Rapid City sits above 3,000 feet in elevation. The Black Hills funnel weather systems in surprising ways for families from milder climates. Snowfall is common from October through April. Blizzards can close I-90 and restrict base access entirely. Additionally, “Rapid City weather” is a local joke — temperatures can swing 40 degrees within 24 hours. Specifically, warm Chinook winds collide with arctic air masses to create dramatic, rapid temperature changes. Therefore, budget for quality cold-weather gear for the whole family, all-wheel drive, and a snow blower. Vehicles built for Sun Belt climates often struggle here.
The outdoor recreation is genuinely world-class
On the other hand, no CONUS assignment puts this much natural beauty within reach. Mount Rushmore is 25 miles from Ellsworth’s front gate. Custer State Park — home to one of the largest free-roaming bison herds in America — sits 45 miles away. Badlands National Park is 50 miles to the east. Wind Cave National Park, Crazy Horse Memorial, and Needles Highway are all within an hour’s drive. Terry Peak offers downhill skiing in winter. Furthermore, veterans and active-duty members receive free lifetime State Park entrance licenses through South Dakota’s military benefits program. For families with kids who love the outdoors, this assignment is extraordinary.
Deployment tempo at Ellsworth is significant
The 28th Bomb Wing deploys regularly in support of Bomber Task Force missions globally. Service members flying B-1Bs or supporting bomber operations should expect significant time away from home. The B-21 Raider transition will intensify operational activity over the next several years. Consequently, military spouses and families here need a strong support network from the start. Lean into the spouse community early — the base’s tight-knit environment helps. The Military and Family Readiness Center and the installation’s chapel provide family programming throughout the year.
Healthcare access has real limitations
South Dakota ranks among the higher-cost states for healthcare. Specialist access outside the 28th Medical Group can be limited in western South Dakota. Families with chronic health needs or children requiring specialty care may face longer wait times. Additionally, some TRICARE referrals will route to Rapid City or Denver for specific specialties. Monument Health is a strong regional system — though not a major academic medical center. Therefore, enroll in TRICARE Prime early and establish care with the 28th MDG before you need it urgently. Bring complete medical records and any EFMP documentation when you arrive.
Childcare and spouse employment require planning
On-base CDC availability at Ellsworth can be tight, so apply early. Childcare costs in Rapid City average approximately $5,661 annually — notably below the national average. Spouse employment is a real consideration in a smaller market like Rapid City. Healthcare, education, and tourism are the leading employment sectors. However, many military spouses work remotely, and South Dakota’s internet infrastructure supports that lifestyle well. In addition, the South Dakota Department of Labor provides specific resources for military spouses navigating the job market after a PCS.
Want to know how your BAH compares to local rents and home prices? Our 2026 BAH rates guide has the Rapid City/Ellsworth area breakdown by rank.
VA Home Loans in South Dakota
South Dakota is one of the most VA loan-friendly housing markets in the entire continental United States. Home prices fall below the national median. No state income tax keeps more money in your pocket. Additionally, VA loans require no down payment — a combination that makes buying genuinely accessible for most military families here.
Why South Dakota works for VA buyers
The 2026 median home sale price in Rapid City is approximately $320,000. That’s roughly 25% below the national average. In Box Elder and surrounding communities, comparable three-bedroom homes often sell for $250,000 to $300,000. For a service member with solid BAH and a VA loan, monthly payments on a Box Elder home can be lower than comparable market rents. Sioux Falls is similarly attractive, with median prices near $275,000 and a growing economy that supports long-term home values. Furthermore, South Dakota property taxes average 1.1% to 1.3% annually — modest compared to many CONUS assignments.
Property tax exemptions for veteran homeowners
South Dakota offers meaningful property tax programs for veteran buyers. First, veterans with a 100% permanent and total disability rating qualify for a partial property tax exemption on up to $200,000 of home value. Second, paraplegic veterans receive a full property tax exemption on their home, garage, and up to one acre. Third, low-income senior or disabled veterans who meet income thresholds may qualify for an annual property tax refund. All three programs require annual applications submitted to your County Director of Equalization by November 1st. Contact the South Dakota Department of Veterans Affairs for eligibility details and application guidance.
Also planning a DITY move alongside your home search? Our DITY/PPM move guide walks through every step, from weight tickets to final reimbursement.
South Dakota Financial and Veteran Benefits
South Dakota is one of only nine states in the country with no individual state income tax. That means zero state taxes on active-duty pay, military retirement, TSP distributions, VA disability compensation, and investment income. For military families considering state of legal residence, South Dakota offers one of the most favorable tax environments in the nation. The financial advantages are real and compound meaningfully over a career.
Income tax and pay protection
South Dakota levies no individual income tax of any kind. Your entire military paycheck, bonuses, retirement income, and VA disability pay are fully protected at the state level. The state sales tax is 4.5%, with local jurisdictions potentially adding up to 2% more. The combined rate in Rapid City is approximately 6.2% in 2026. However, even the sales tax has exemptions for disabled veterans — including vehicle purchase privilege tax waivers and adaptive equipment exemptions. In short, South Dakota puts its money where its mouth is when it comes to supporting the military community.
Education and veteran support programs
South Dakota offers free tuition at state universities and technical colleges for veterans who served during qualifying wartime periods. Specifically, veterans with a service-connected disability of at least 10% may receive one month of free tuition per month of qualifying wartime service, up to four academic years. Additionally, recipients of the Iraq Campaign Medal or GWOT Expeditionary Medal may qualify for a $1,000 Helping Heroes Grant. This grant is available first-come, first-served to up to 375 veterans annually. South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (Rapid City) and Western Dakota Technical College are both strong options near Ellsworth. In Sioux Falls, the University of Sioux Falls and South Dakota State University maintain dedicated veteran support programs.
Hunting, fishing, and outdoor benefits
South Dakota offers resident hunting and fishing license prices to all service members and spouses stationed in the state. Veterans with a 100% service-connected disability or POW status receive a four-year hunting and fishing license for just $10. Disabled veterans also receive a free lifetime State Park entrance license. Active-duty South Dakota residents stationed out of state may still apply for deer, turkey, and antelope licenses during deployment. For a family stationed in the Black Hills, these benefits add genuine everyday value to life here.
For a deeper look at what you can write off on your taxes during a PCS, see our PCS tax write-offs guide. Our 2026 military pay charts break down total compensation by rank and years of service.
Frequently Asked Questions About Military Bases in South Dakota
What is the main military base in South Dakota?
Ellsworth Air Force Base is South Dakota’s only active-duty installation. Located about 10 miles northeast of Rapid City near Box Elder, Ellsworth is home to the 28th Bomb Wing and its B-1B Lancer bombers. Moreover, the Air Force has selected Ellsworth as the first operational base for the B-21 Raider stealth bomber, with the first aircraft expected in 2027. The state also hosts National Guard facilities at Camp Rapid in Rapid City and Joe Foss Field in Sioux Falls.
Does South Dakota tax military income?
No — South Dakota has absolutely no individual state income tax. Your active-duty pay, military retirement, TSP distributions, VA disability compensation, and investment income are all fully exempt from state taxation. This makes South Dakota one of the most financially favorable states in the country for military members. Furthermore, establishing South Dakota as your state of legal residence protects all your income year over year, regardless of where you’re stationed.
What schools do children attend near Ellsworth AFB?
There is no DoDEA school at Ellsworth. Children attend local public schools instead. Families on base or in Box Elder typically fall under Meade School District (Douglas School District 51-1). Vandenberg Elementary and Francis Case Elementary serve most military children at Ellsworth. Families living in Rapid City attend Rapid City Area School District schools, which maintain a dedicated military family liaison to assist with enrollment and transitions.
What is the 2026 BAH rate at Ellsworth AFB?
Ellsworth AFB falls under the Rapid City, SD BAH area. For 2025, an E-5 with dependents received approximately $1,971 per month. Rates vary by rank and dependency status. Always verify your specific rate using the official DoD BAH calculator. Additionally, check our 2026 BAH rates guide for the full Rapid City area breakdown by rank.
What is the B-21 Raider, and why does it matter for Ellsworth?
The B-21 Raider is the Air Force’s next-generation stealth bomber — its first sixth-generation combat aircraft. Ellsworth was selected as the first B-21 main operating base. The runway was completely reconstructed in 2025 to support the new aircraft. The first operational B-21 delivery to Ellsworth is on track for 2027. Two initial squadrons will call Ellsworth home, with a third added later. Consequently, this transition makes Ellsworth one of the most strategically critical Air Force installations in the country.
How bad are the winters at Ellsworth AFB?
Western South Dakota winters are real and require active preparation. Rapid City sits above 3,000 feet, and the region is known for dramatic, rapid temperature swings. Blizzards can close I-90 and restrict base access between October and April. However, summers in the Black Hills are beautiful. Moreover, the region offers exceptional recreation year-round once you’re equipped for the cold. Families from warm-weather states consistently say the adjustment is absolutely worth it once they discover the outdoor lifestyle here.
Is a VA home loan a good option near Ellsworth or Sioux Falls?
Yes — South Dakota is one of the best VA loan markets in the CONUS. Rapid City’s median home price is approximately $320,000 in 2026, about 25% below the national average. Sioux Falls median prices sit near $275,000. With no down payment required and no state income tax reducing your budget, VA loan buyers in South Dakota often pay less per month than comparable market rents. Visit our VA Home Loan guide to get started on your eligibility and purchase timeline.
What outdoor recreation is near Ellsworth AFB?
The Black Hills region offers extraordinary outdoor recreation. Mount Rushmore is just 25 miles from base. Custer State Park — home to a massive free-roaming bison herd — is about 45 miles away. Badlands National Park lies 50 miles to the east. Wind Cave National Park, Crazy Horse Memorial, and Spearfish Canyon are all within an hour. Terry Peak Ski Area provides downhill skiing in winter. Additionally, veterans and active-duty members receive a free lifetime South Dakota State Park entrance license through the state’s military benefits program.
Where do I access VA medical care in South Dakota?
Veterans in western South Dakota use the VA Black Hills Health Care System, located at Fort Meade near Sturgis. For active-duty families at Ellsworth, the 28th Medical Group (605-385-6700) handles primary care and basic specialty services on base. Monument Health provides nearby civilian hospital services for TRICARE referrals. Veterans in eastern South Dakota near Sioux Falls access the Sioux Falls VA Medical Center located in the city.
How far is Ellsworth AFB from Rapid City?
Ellsworth AFB sits approximately 10 miles northeast of downtown Rapid City. Box Elder, the community immediately adjacent to the base, offers commutes under 10 minutes to the front gate. Most of Rapid City is 15 to 25 minutes via I-90. Traffic is notably lighter here than at most CONUS installations of comparable size — a quality-of-life advantage that families consistently appreciate.
What veteran property tax benefits does South Dakota offer?
South Dakota offers several strong property tax programs. Veterans with a 100% permanent and total disability rating qualify for an exemption on up to $200,000 of home value. Paraplegic veterans receive a full property tax exemption on their home, garage, and up to one acre. Low-income senior or disabled veterans may additionally qualify for an annual property tax refund. All programs require applications submitted to your County Director of Equalization by November 1st each year. Contact the South Dakota DVA at vetaffairs.sd.gov for eligibility guidance.
Key Takeaways
- Ellsworth AFB is South Dakota’s only active-duty installation. It’s home to the 28th Bomb Wing and will soon host the B-21 Raider — the Air Force’s most advanced stealth bomber. Your family is arriving at a historically significant moment.
- South Dakota has zero state income tax. Your pay, retirement, TSP, and VA disability compensation are completely protected at the state level. Establishing residency here is a financially smart move for many military families.
- The cost of living is genuinely affordable. Rapid City’s median home price is approximately $320,000 — 25% below the national average. BAH covers rent or mortgage payments well for most ranks, and VA loans make buying smart and accessible.
- Winters require real preparation. Budget for cold-weather gear, an all-wheel-drive vehicle, and a snow blower. Temperature swings are dramatic. Preparation makes the winters very manageable.
- The outdoor recreation is world-class. Mount Rushmore, Badlands, Custer State Park, and the Black Hills are in your backyard. For families who love the outdoors, this assignment is a genuine gift.
- Contact Ellsworth housing (605-923-9000) the day you receive orders. Waitlists are real. Six to twelve months of lead time significantly improves your unit options.
- Review the full Ellsworth base guide at pcspayitforward.com for phone numbers, school details, gate hours, and TRICARE enrollment steps.
- Start your PCS plan now — our PCS Plan tool, PCS binder checklist, and military moving tips guide will save you time, money, and stress from day one.
